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版本:7.0 (Unstable) 🚧

DVR

SRS支持将RTMP流录制成FLV或MP4文件。下面的描述以FLV为例,但是对MP4也是一样的。

当 FFmpeg/OBS 将 RTMP 流发布到 SRS 时,SRS 将把流写入 FLV/MP4 文件。工作流程是:

+------------+            +-------+           +---------------+
+ FFmpeg/OBS +---RTMP-->--+  SRS  +---DVR-->--+ FLV/MP4 File  +
+------------+            +-------+           +---------------+

许多用户希望 DVR 提供更多功能,请考虑使用 Oryx 替代, 例如:

  • Oryx 支持 S3 云存储,将最终的 MP4 文件移动到 S3 云存储。
  • Oryx 支持全局过滤器,仅记录指定的流,而不是所有流。
  • Oryx 支持将多个发布会话合并到一个 MP4 文件中。

实际上,DVR 功能可能非常复杂,SRS 只支持基本的 DVR 功能,而 Oryx 将继续改进 DVR 功能。

Build

DVR作为SRS3的核心功能,永远开启DVR。

参考:Build

Config

DVR的难点在于写入flv和文件命名,SRS的做法是随机生成文件名,用户可以使用http-callback方式,使用外部程序记录这个文件名,或者改成自己要的文件命名方式。

当然也可以修改SRS代码,这种做法不推荐,c操作文件名比较麻烦。还是用外部辅助系统做会很方便。

DVR的配置文件说明:

vhost your_vhost {
    # DVR RTMP stream to file,
    # start to record to file when encoder publish,
    # reap flv/mp4 according by specified dvr_plan.
    dvr {
        # whether enabled dvr features
        # default: off
        enabled         on;
        # the filter for dvr to apply to.
        #       all, dvr all streams of all apps.
        #       <app>/<stream>, apply to specified stream of app.
        # for example, to dvr the following two streams:
        #       live/stream1 live/stream2
        # default: all
        dvr_apply       all;
        # the dvr plan. canbe:
        #       session reap flv/mp4 when session end(unpublish).
        #       segment reap flv/mp4 when flv duration exceed the specified dvr_duration.
        # @remark The plan append is removed in SRS3+, for it's no use.
        # default: session
        dvr_plan        session;
        # the dvr output path, *.flv or *.mp4.
        # we supports some variables to generate the filename.
        #       [vhost], the vhost of stream.
        #       [app], the app of stream.
        #       [stream], the stream name of stream.
        #       [2006], replace this const to current year.
        #       [01], replace this const to current month.
        #       [02], replace this const to current date.
        #       [15], replace this const to current hour.
        #       [04], replace this const to current minute.
        #       [05], replace this const to current second.
        #       [999], replace this const to current millisecond.
        #       [timestamp],replace this const to current UNIX timestamp in ms.
        # @remark we use golang time format "2006-01-02 15:04:05.999" as "[2006]-[01]-[02]_[15].[04].[05]_[999]"
        # for example, for url rtmp://ossrs.net/live/livestream and time 2015-01-03 10:57:30.776
        # 1. No variables, the rule of SRS1.0(auto add [stream].[timestamp].flv as filename):
        #       dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html;
        #       =>
        #       dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html/live/livestream.1420254068776.flv;
        # 2. Use stream and date as dir name, time as filename:
        #       dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[stream]/[2006]/[01]/[02]/[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
        #       =>
        #       dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/livestream/2015/01/03/10.57.30.776.flv;
        # 3. Use stream and year/month as dir name, date and time as filename:
        #       dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[stream]/[2006]/[01]/[02]-[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
        #       =>
        #       dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/livestream/2015/01/03-10.57.30.776.flv;
        # 4. Use vhost/app and year/month as dir name, stream/date/time as filename:
        #       dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[2006]/[01]/[stream]-[02]-[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
        #       =>
        #       dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/2015/01/livestream-03-10.57.30.776.flv;
        # 5. DVR to mp4:
        #       dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html/[app]/[stream].[timestamp].mp4;
        #       =>
        #       dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html/live/livestream.1420254068776.mp4;
        # @see https://ossrs.net/lts/zh-cn/docs/v4/doc/dvr#custom-path
        # @see https://ossrs.net/lts/zh-cn/docs/v4/doc/dvr#custom-path
        #       segment,session apply it.
        # default: ./objs/nginx/html/[app]/[stream].[timestamp].flv
        dvr_path        ./objs/nginx/html/[app]/[stream].[timestamp].flv;
        # the duration for dvr file, reap if exceed, in seconds.
        #       segment apply it.
        #       session,append ignore.
        # default: 30
        dvr_duration    30;
        # whether wait keyframe to reap segment,
        # if off, reap segment when duration exceed the dvr_duration,
        # if on, reap segment when duration exceed and got keyframe.
        #       segment apply it.
        #       session,append ignore.
        # default: on
        dvr_wait_keyframe       on;
        # about the stream monotonically increasing:
        #   1. video timestamp is monotonically increasing,
        #   2. audio timestamp is monotonically increasing,
        #   3. video and audio timestamp is interleaved monotonically increasing.
        # it's specified by RTMP specification, @see 3. Byte Order, Alignment, and Time Format
        # however, some encoder cannot provides this feature, please set this to off to ignore time jitter.
        # the time jitter algorithm:
        #   1. full, to ensure stream start at zero, and ensure stream monotonically increasing.
        #   2. zero, only ensure stream start at zero, ignore timestamp jitter.
        #   3. off, disable the time jitter algorithm, like atc.
        # apply for all dvr plan.
        # default: full
        time_jitter             full;

        # on_dvr, never config in here, should config in http_hooks.
        # for the dvr http callback, @see http_hooks.on_dvr of vhost hooks.callback.srs.com
        # @see https://ossrs.net/lts/zh-cn/docs/v4/doc/dvr#http-callback
        # @see https://ossrs.net/lts/zh-cn/docs/v4/doc/dvr#http-callback
    }
}

DVR的计划即决定什么时候关闭flv文件,打开新的flv文件,主要的录制计划包括:

  • session:按照session来关闭flv文件,即编码器停止推流时关闭flv,整个session录制为一个flv。
  • segment:按照时间分段录制,flv文件时长配置为dvr_duration和dvr_wait_keyframe。注意:若不按关键帧切flv(即dvr_wait_keyframe配置为off),所以会导致后面的flv启动时会花屏。
  • time_jitter: 时间戳抖动算法。full使用完全的时间戳矫正;zero只是保证从0开始;off不矫正时间戳。
  • dvr_path: 录制的路径,规则参考下一章。

参考conf/dvr.segment.confconf/dvr.session.conf配置实例。

Apply

DVR的apply决定了是否对某个流开启dvr,默认的all是对所有开启。 这个功能是SRS实现nginx提供的control module的一个基础,而且更丰富。 也就是可以支持用户调用http raw api控制是否以及何时DVR。 参考351

Apply可以对多个流进行录制,譬如对live/stream1live/stream2录制,可以配置成:

vhost xxx {
    dvr {
        dvr_apply live/stream1 live/stream2;
    }
}

可以使用RAW API控制DVR,参考319wiki.

Custom Path

我们可以自定义DVR的路径和文件名,规则如下:

  • 按年月日以及流信息生成子目录。便于做软链,或者避免一个目录的文件太多(貌似超过几万linux会支持不了)。
  • 按日期和时间以及流信息生成文件名。便于搜索。
  • 提供日期和时间,以及流信息的变量,以中括号代表变量。
  • 保留目前的方式,按照时间戳生成文件名,保存在一个文件夹。若没有指定文件名(只指定了目录),则默认使用[stream].[timestamp].flv作为文件名,和目前保持一致。

关于日期和时间的变量,参考了GO的时间格式化字符串,譬如2006代表YYYY这种,比较方便:

2006-01-02 15:04:05.999

DVR支持的变量包括:

  1. 年:[2006],将这个字符串替换为年份。
  2. 月:[01],将这个字符串替换成月份。
  3. 日:[02],将这个字符串替换成日期。
  4. 时:[15],将这个字符串替换成小时。
  5. 分:[04],将这个字符串替换成分。
  6. 秒:[05),将这个字符串替换成秒。
  7. 毫秒:[999],将这个字符串替换成毫秒。
  8. 时间戳:[timestamp],将这个字符串替换成UNIX时间戳,单位是毫秒。
  9. 流相关变量,参考转码:[vhost], [app], [stream]

下面的例子说明了替换方式, url是rtmp://ossrs.net/live/livestream,time是2015-01-03 10:57:30.776

  1. 没有变量,SRS1.0方式(自动添加[stream].[timestamp].flv作为文件名):

    • dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html;
    • =>
    • dvr_path ./objs/nginx/html/live/livestream.1420254068776.flv;
  2. 按流和年月日分目录,时间作为文件名:

    • dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[stream]/[2006]/[01]/[02]/[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
    • =>
    • dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/livestream/2015/01/03/10.57.30.776.flv;
  3. 按流和年月分目录,日和时间作为文件名:

    • dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[stream]/[2006]/[01]/[02]-[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
    • =>
    • dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/livestream/2015/01/03-10.57.30.776.flv;
  4. 按vhost/app和年月分目录,流名称、日和时间作为文件名:

    • dvr_path /data/[vhost]/[app]/[2006]/[01]/[stream]-[02]-[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
    • =>
    • dvr_path /data/ossrs.net/live/2015/01/livestream-03-10.57.30.776.flv;
  5. 按app分目录,流和时间戳作为文件名(SRS1.0方式):

    • dvr_path /data/[app]/[stream].[timestamp].flv;
    • =>
    • dvr_path /data/live/livestream.1420254068776.flv;

Http Callback

打开http_hookson_dvr配置:

vhost your_vhost {
    dvr {
        enabled             on;
        dvr_path            ./objs/nginx/html/[app]/[stream]/[2006]/[01]/[02]/[15].[04].[05].[999].flv;
        dvr_plan            segment;
        dvr_duration        30;
        dvr_wait_keyframe   on;
    }
    http_hooks {
        enabled         on;
        on_dvr          http://127.0.0.1:8085/api/v1/dvrs;
    }
}

api-server的日志:

[2015-01-03 15:25:48][trace] post to dvrs, req={"action":"on_dvr","client_id":108,"ip":"127.0.0.1","vhost":"__defaultVhost__","app":"live","stream":"livestream","cwd":"/home/winlin/git/srs/trunk","file":"./objs/nginx/html/live/livestream/2015/1/3/15.25.18.442.flv"}
[2015-01-03 15:25:48][trace] srs on_dvr: client id=108, ip=127.0.0.1, vhost=__defaultVhost__, app=live, stream=livestream, cwd=/home/winlin/git/srs/trunk, file=./objs/nginx/html/live/livestream/2015/1/3/15.25.18.442.flv
127.0.0.1 - - [03/Jan/2015:15:25:48] "POST /api/v1/dvrs HTTP/1.1" 200 1 "" "SRS(Simple RTMP Server)2.0.88"

更多HTTP回调的信息,请参考 HttpCallback

Bug

关于DVR的bug:

  • 文件名规则:#179
  • DVR时HTTP回调:#274
  • DVR支持MP4格式:#738
  • 如何录制成一个文件:#776

Reload

改变dvr配置后reload,会导致dvr重启,即关闭当前dvr文件后重新应用dvr配置。

Winlin 2015.1